Muga silk, a distinctive golden silk indigenous to Assam, India, is produced by the Antheraea assamensis silkworms and is celebrated for its unparalleled durability, natural sheen, and cultural significance. This study explores the unique characteristics, production processes, export potential, and socio-economic impact of Muga silk. Its cultivation relies on traditional methods, where silkworms are reared on Som and Soalu plants. The silk is known for its natural golden hue, remarkable longevity, and luxurious texture, making it highly sought after in global markets. Challenges in export include maintaining quality, navigating trade regulations, and competing with other silks like mulberry and tasar. Muga silk contributes significantly to the local economy, providing livelihoods, promoting cultural heritage, and supporting environmentally sustainable practices. An analysis of the economic benefit-cost ratio (BCR) highlights its long-term socio-economic and environmental benefits, demonstrating its profitability and sustainability. Strategies for improving BCR, such as technological innovations, government support, and value addition, are discussed. This research underscores Muga silk?s potential to thrive as a luxury textile, balancing cultural preservation with modern market demands.