Plant diseases pose significant threats to global food security and agricultural sustainability, leading to significant crop losses each year. Traditional methods of disease management, such as chemical pesticides and fungicides, have not only raised environmental concerns but have also led to the development of resistant strains of pathogens. In response to these challenges, nanotechnology has emerged as a cutting-edge approach, revolutionizing plant disease management with its innovative solutions. It offers an eco-friendly and efficient alternative by utilizing nanoparticles as highly effective delivery systems for agrochemicals, minimizing the quantity of active ingredients entering the ecosystem and reducing their environmental impact. Nanoparticles provide plant protection through two main mechanisms: (a) acting as carriers for pesticides and (b) serving as protective agents themselves. By enhancing the solubility and stability of pesticides, nanoparticles significantly increase their shelf life and improve the precision of site-specific targeting, thereby reducing off-target effects and overall toxicity. Additionally, nanoparticles such as nanosilver, nanozinc, nanogold, nanosilica, nanochitosan and nanocopper have shown great promise in plant disease management, not only by enhancing the effectiveness of conventional agrochemicals but also by exhibiting antimicrobial properties themselves. Nanotechnology alters the physical, chemical and biological properties of conventional pesticides, enabling plants to combat weeds, diseases and pests more efficiently. The application of nanomaterials in agriculture thus holds the potential to address global food security challenges while promoting sustainable farming practices, offering an advanced and eco-conscious solution for crop protection in the modern era.