When people ruin wildlife's natural habitats, it's referred to as habitat degradation. In conservation biology, habitat fragmentation is regarded as a major problem. This issue focuses on how human disturbances like land clearing and vegetation conversion from one type to another cause once-large, continuous habitat blocks to become less continuous. The observation that there are fewer species on islands than in comparable mainland locations is explained by the notion of island biogeography. Research on habitat fragmentation that is based on the island biogeography theory usually concentrates on the fragment's size and level of isolation. The effects of habitat fragmentation on the persistence of plant and animal populations, the makeup of communities, and ecosystem processes have been the subject of numerous ecological research. Both human activity and environmental processes, which operate on different time and spatial scales, contribute to fragmentation. While some species gain from fragmentation, other species are greatly endangered. Effective measures must therefore be taken to preserve biodiversity in fragmented settings.