This paper explores mechanization in sugarcane cultivation in India. Sugarcane is one of the primary crops produced all over the world. India does not hold an exception. From the preparation of the land to sowing, harvesting, detrashing, and ratoon management-all stages of sugarcane cultivation are under discussion in this paper. Mechanization has emerged as one of the few ways to combat labour shortages, ensure timely operations, and so on. It includes the utilization of heavy, modern farming machinery, for example, sugarcane planters, harvesters, detrashers, and ratoon managers, to increase efficiency, avoid drudgery, and increase general productivity. This discussion also gives a fair view of the environmental effects of sugarcane trash management. Mention is made about the necessary role played by sustainable practises, like trash management, and ratoon management, in reducing adverse effects.