Molecular markers are pivotal in modern entomology, enabling the identification and differentiation of insect species, populations, and individuals. This review highlights the significance of molecular techniques such as DNA barcoding, microsatellites, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in enhancing our understanding of genetic diversity, evolutionary processes, and ecological interactions among insects. These markers facilitate reliable species identification, particularly in cases of cryptic species, and provide insights into population structure and gene flow, which are crucial for conservation efforts. Additionally, molecular markers contribute to elucidating evolutionary relationships, aiding in the reconstruction of phylogenies and understanding adaptation. Furthermore, they play a vital role in studying ecological interactions, including insect-plant relationships and ecosystem dynamics. As molecular technologies continue to evolve, their applications in entomology will expand, offering deeper insights into insect biology and their roles in ecosystems, with implications for biodiversity conservation and environmental management.