Moong (Vigna radiata), commonly known as mung bean, is a leguminous crop recognized for its role in sustainable agriculture through nitrogen fixation. This review explores the mechanisms of nitrogen fixation in moong, its agronomic benefits, and its significance in enhancing soil fertility and crop productivity. Because of its high grain protein level, the mung bean has a lot of potential in tropical climates. The majority of its nitrogen independence from fertilizers is also derived from its capacity to benefit from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) through connection with native rhizobia populating nodule microbiome. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria can be found in soil microbial communities, which are impacted by biogeographical variables and soil characteristics. The main function of legume root-nodule bacteria in symbiotic N2fixation is indicated by the strong interaction between genotypes for root dry matter and %Ndfa and soil texture. This study showed that soil characteristics and genotypes have an impact on N2fixation in mungbean, highlighting the necessity of taking soil characteristics into account to optimize mungbean's N contribution to agricultural production systems.