Barley can grow in a variety of agroclimatic conditions. The primary breeding objective of the breeder is to improve traits for food, feed, malting, fodder, etc. Improved barley cultivars are being developed as a part of ongoing breeding programs. For their initiatives to improve barley, breeders used selection, hybridization, and mutation breeding. Using the Bulbosum system or another culture, haploid breeding was also incorporated to hasten the development of homozygous lines. In order to improve various traits, modern barley breeders have incorporated new technologies like genomic selection, marker-assisted selection, site-directed mutagenesis, and machine learning.