Groundwater, a vital freshwater resource, is crucial for domestic, agricultural, and environmental needs. India is the largest user of groundwater, using 230 cubic kilometres annually for irrigated land and drinking water. Post-Green Revolution agricultural practices have led to depletion and contamination, with water-intensive crops like rice and wheat straining the resource. India's outdated groundwater regulation complicates sustainable management. Recent government initiatives aim to improve water use efficiency and promote sustainable farming. However, effective groundwater management requires stronger laws, coordinated policies, and community participation for long-term sustainability.