Bioactive substances known as postbiotics are produced by probiotics during metabolic activities. These substances, which positively affect the host's health, include short-chain fatty acids, teichoic acids, extracellular polysaccharides, enzymes, and peptides. In contrast to probiotics, postbiotics are components or byproducts of metabolism rather than living microbes. Postbiotics can either boost or inhibit the immune system, reinforcing the body's defenses against infections and lowering inflammation. By strengthening the intestinal barrier, they lower the membrane permeability and inhibit the movement of toxins and pathogens across it. Some postbiotics have direct antibacterial qualities that prevent the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and encourage a healthy gut microbiome.