Smut has been a significant disease in sugarcane cultivation globally. Being a perennial and monocultured crop, sugarcane faces multifaceted challenges from a range of pests and diseases. Smut is one of the most important sugarcane diseases affecting productivity and sustainability. The disease can cause substantial economic losses by reducing both yield and quality of sugarcane. The economic impact of smut includes not only direct yield losses but also additional costs associated with disease management practices, such as fungicide applications or replanting with disease-resistant varieties. Chronic presence of smut in sugarcane fields can lead to cumulative losses over multiple cropping seasons if not effectively managed. This highlights the importance of integrated disease management strategies to mitigate its impact. In regions where smut is endemic or where environmental conditions favor its spread, growers must be vigilant in monitoring and implementing effective control measures to minimize yield losses and sustain sugarcane production profitability. Research into resistant cultivars and sustainable agricultural practices continues to be crucial in managing this challenging disease.