Nanotechnology, which involves the manipulation of particles at the nanoscale (1 to 100 nanometers), has led to significant advancements in various fields, including nanomedicine. This paper explores the application of engineered nanoparticles, particularly metal nanoparticles, in combating microbial resistance in aquaculture. We focus on silver (Ag-NPs), gold (Au-NPs), zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs), and titanium dioxide (TiO2-NPs) nanoparticles due to their potent antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), notable for their wide range of applications due to their antimicrobial, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties, have shown efficacy against pathogens such as Aeromonas species and Vibrio harveyi in aquaculture settings. Studies indicate that Ag-NPs can improve survival rates and physiological health in aquatic animals when used as dietary supplements. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are critical for providing essential trace minerals that support the growth and metabolism of fish. Adequate zinc levels, derived from dietary sources, are crucial for maintaining biochemical and physiological functions, highlighting the importance of ZnO-NPs in aquaculture nutrition.