The abstract provides an overview of silvi-pastoral systems in India, emphasizing their potential in addressing challenges related to land use, resource management, and rural poverty alleviation. It discusses the importance of agronomic research in optimizing croptree combinations for sustainable agricultural production, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. The abstract highlights ICRAF's diagnostic approach in identifying silvi-pastoral potentials and emphasizes the significance of thorough planning, including seed production, tree selection, layout design, and tree protection. Livestock integration and forage management strategies are also outlined, emphasizing the role of silvi-pastoral systems in providing short-term income, weed management, and nutrient recycling. Furthermore, it stresses the dynamic nature of silvi-pastoral systems, necessitating ongoing monitoring and management to maintain productivity and optimize economic returns. Overall, the abstract underscores the potential of silvi-pastoral systems as a multifaceted approach to sustainable land management and rural development in India.