Global warming presents a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems, impacting both flora and
fauna in various ways. Experimental studies and predictions highlight the potential for
substantial biodiversity losses, particularly in freshwater ecosystems spanning mountain
streams, river basins, and lowland rivers. The combined effects of warming and
contaminants can produce complex interactions, further complicating conservation efforts.
This phenomenon extends to tropical wetlands, where the impacts on fisheries and aquatic
biodiversity remain inadequately understood. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions
exacerbate these effects, contributing to ozone layer depletion and disrupting marine
habitats. The interconnectedness of Earth's ecosystems amplifies the consequences,
potentially leading to species extinction by the end of the century. Mitigation and adaptation
strategies are essential, involving conservation, restoration, and reduction of non-climate
stressors.