Goat farming in India is a female dominated enterprise. Goats are usually maintained in extensive and semi intensive system and the productivity of goats is very low as the animals mainly subsist on crop residues, tree leaves and natural grasses with little or no concentrate mixture. Goats in stall feeding show faster growth rate by feeding high protein concentrate with quality green fodder. Broiler goat production system is being popular and considered as an alternate feeding approach in which animals were provided energy, protein and critical nutrients in the specified quantity in concentrate mixture. The feed escalation in this intensive feeding system can be reduced by providing quality fodder with proper ratio and standardised method of feeding to achieve optimum growth performance following proper housing, health and management. This system ensures early attainable market age and better economic return to the farm women engaged in goat rearing in entrepreneurship mode.

Rice-duck farming represents an innovative and sustainable agricultural system that synergizes rice cultivation with duck rearing, offering significant environmental and economic benefits. This integrated approach minimizes the dependency on chemical pesticides and herbicides by employing ducks as natural agents for pest and weed control. The ducks' activities, including foraging and trampling, naturally enhance soil health by increasing nutrient levels and improving soil aeration, thereby contributing to higher rice yields. Additionally, rice-duck farming has been shown to reduce methane emissions from rice paddies, aligning with global efforts to mitigate climate change. While this farming method holds considerable promise, challenges such as the initial capital investment and the complexities of managing duck populations must be addressed to facilitate its wider adoption in sustainable agriculture.

Agroecology is an emerging field that integrates ecological concepts into agricultural systems, aiming to create resilient and sustainable farming practices. It emphasizes the interconnections between crops, livestock, humans, and the surrounding environment, focusing on minimizing harmful environmental impacts while ensuring food security. This approach is increasingly seen as essential in addressing the challenges of modern agriculture, including biodiversity loss, soil degradation, climate change, and social equity.