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In agriculture, biosensors are vital tools because they enable prompt and accurate identification of infections, contaminants, and fraudulent food. They are composed of a biological sensing element and a transducer for the detection of analyte concentration. Many biosensors are available for biorecognition components, including aptamers, enzymes, nucleic acids, and antibodies. Among the many uses of biosensors in agriculture are the direct identification of plant pathogens, early disease detection, soil chemistry, air organophosphorus concentrations, pesticides, plant nitrate status, and foodborne pathogens. Biosensors can be an important addition to the components which helps in achieving sustainable agriculture practices.

Moong (Vigna radiata), commonly known as mung bean, is a leguminous crop recognized for its role in sustainable agriculture through nitrogen fixation. This review explores the mechanisms of nitrogen fixation in moong, its agronomic benefits, and its significance in enhancing soil fertility and crop productivity. Because of its high grain protein level, the mung bean has a lot of potential in tropical climates. The majority of its nitrogen independence from fertilizers is also derived from its capacity to benefit from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) through connection with native rhizobia populating nodule microbiome. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria can be found in soil microbial communities, which are impacted by biogeographical variables and soil characteristics. The main function of legume root-nodule bacteria in symbiotic N2fixation is indicated by the strong interaction between genotypes for root dry matter and %Ndfa and soil texture. This study showed that soil characteristics and genotypes have an impact on N2fixation in mungbean, highlighting the necessity of taking soil characteristics into account to optimize mungbean's N contribution to agricultural production systems.