Medicinal Plants Conservation Areas (MPCAs) play a pivotal role in safeguarding India's extensive medicinal plant diversity, which is vital for traditional healthcare, cultural practices, and economic stability. India is home to approximately 8,000 species of medicinal plants, many of which are integral to traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda and Unani. MPCAs facilitate in-situ conservation, protecting these species from threats including overharvesting, habitat destruction, and climate change. The rising demand for natural remedies, combined with the economic benefits of medicinal plant trade, underscores the importance of these areas. However, medicinal plants face significant challenges: overexploitation, habitat loss driven by deforestation and urbanization, climate change, and the impact of invasive species. The erosion of traditional knowledge further complicates sustainable practices. Government initiatives, such as the National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB) and community-led conservation efforts through Joint Forest Management (JFM), are crucial for the preservation of these resources. Over 200 MPCAs have been established across India, with a focus on rare and endangered species. Despite notable progress, challenges such as illegal trade, funding limitations, and climate-related risks continue to impede conservation efforts. Future strategies must prioritize sustainable harvesting practices, stringent enforcement of regulations, and enhanced research to secure the long-term conservation of India?s medicinal plants.